Martial arts are systems of codified practices and traditions of training for combat. Today, martial arts are studied for various reasons including combat skills, sport, fitness, self-defense, self-cultivation (meditation), mental discipline, character development and building self-confidence.
Judo (柔道 jūdō) literally "gentle way" is a martial art, sport, and philosophy originated in Japan. Judo was the successor of Jujutsu and was founded by Dr. Jigoro Kano in 1882. The sport became the model of the modern Japanese martial arts, gendai budo, developed from old koryu schools. Practitioners of Judo are called judoka .
Karate (空手karate) literally "the way of the empty hand" is a martial art of Okinawan origin. Recent research indicates that it developed from a synthesis of indigenous Ryukyuan fighting methods and southern Chinese martial arts. Karate originally meant Tang hand, i.e. Chinese hand, which later took on the meaning 'empty hand' in Japanese. It is known primarily as a striking art, featuring punching, kicking, knee/elbow strikes and open handed techniques. However, grappling, joint manipulations, locks, restrains, throws and vital point striking are inherent to the art.
Kendo (剣 道 Kendō) literally "way of the sword", is the martial art of Japanese fencing. Kendō developed from traditional techniques of Japanese swordsmanship known as kenjutsu.
Kyudo (弓道, Kyudo) literally "Way of the Bow" is the Japanese art of archery. It is a modern Japanese martial art (a gendai budo). It is estimated that there are approximately half a million practitioners of kyudo today. In Japan, by most accounts, the number of female kyudo practitioners is at least equal to and probably greater than the number of male practitioners.
Aikido (合氣道) literally "way of harmony of ki", is a modern Japanese martial art. It was developed by Morihei Ueshiba over the period of the 1930s to the 1960s. Ueshiba is also known by practitioners of aikido as O-sensei or "Great Teacher". Technically, the major parts of aikido are derived from Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu, a form of jujutsu with many joint techniques, and kenjutsu, or Japanese sword technique (some believe the tactics in aikido are especially influenced by Yagyū Shinkage-ryū). Aikido contains a very significant spiritual component which is the result of Osensei's interaction with the Oomoto-kyo religion, as well as Shinto and Buddhism.